Blue Line – Morning Express September 15th, 2021

- Deluge of economic indicators from China for August last night all underwhelmed and were impacted by Covid. - China Industrial...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 13th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4458.25, down 34.00 on Friday and 76.25 on the weekNQ,...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 9th, 2021

- ECB Policy decision: held rates steady as expected and reaffirmed will remain at present levels or lower until 2%...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 8th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4519.25, down 15.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,674.75, up 23.25Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks have...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 7th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4534.50, down 0.75 on Friday and up 29.00 on the...

Top Three Things to Watch this Week: Jobs, Inflation, WASDE, Earnings

Nonfarm Payrolls Review, JOLTs Preview "Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler." - Albert Einstein The world is...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 3rd, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4535.25, up 14.00NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,601, down 8.25Fundamentals: Nonfarm Payroll is...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 2nd, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4521.25, up 0.75NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,609.25, up 26.75Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks are...

Blue Line – Morning Express September 1st, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4520.50, down 4.75NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,582.50, down 15.00Fundamentals: We start this...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 31st, 2021

- The U.S. has completely exited Afghanistan- China Manufacturing PMI avoids contraction at 50.1, but slower than 50.2 expected- China...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 30th, 2021

- Fed Chair Powell boosted risk-assets on Friday; a taper coming this year but does not correlate with a rate...

Top Three Things to Watch this Week: Jackson Hole, Nonfarm Payrolls, China PMIs, Earnings

Jackson Hole Review, Nonfarm Payrolls Preview "I learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing...

Midday Market Minute – August 26th 2021

Levels across markets to know and understand amid a flood of news https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewOP38WvT0c You can sign up to receive Blue...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 26th, 2021

- On Monday, we discussed how expectations for Jackson Hole had shifted dovishly after Dallas Fed President Kaplan’s comments. Last...

Midday Market Minute – August 25th 2021

Stocks at All-Time Highs Ahead of Jackson Hole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb3NIzBOTow You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures daily videos...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 25th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4482.50, up 7.00 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,355.50, up 51.00...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 24th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4475.50, up 38.50 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,304.50, up 217.75...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 23rd, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4437, up 35.50 on Friday and down 25.50 on...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 20th, 2021

- The U.S. Dollar Index is breaking out, but still needs a weekly close (chart above).  - USDCNH (Dollar/Yuan) at...

Midday Market Minute – August 19th 2021

Equities snap back and the Dollar makes new highs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyPX5yuvfjY You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures daily videos...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 19th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4394.50, down 49.00 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,849.25, down 148.25...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 18th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4443.50, down 30.50 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,997.50, down 136.50...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 17th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4474, up 11.50 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,134, up 8.25...

Midday Market Minute – August 16th 2021

A volatile start to the week. Let's take a look at how it sets up.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XO8s7SplYq0 You can sign up...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 16th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, last week’s close: Settled 4454.50, up 14.00 on Friday and 33.00 on the week...

Traders Summit Interview: Bill Baruch – “Should you buy Crude Oil (WTI) if it drops below $65 per barrel?”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HrtAVrfNeA In this Trader Summit 2021 interview, Blake Morrow sits down with Bill Baruch of Blue Line Futures to discuss...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 13th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4454.50, up 14.00NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,078.50, up 59.00Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks are...

Midday Market Minute – August 12th 2021

Markets react to hot PPI. How does it set up ahead of the weekend? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6h5DDEQdfr4 You can sign up to receive...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 12th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4440.50, up 10.50NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,019, down 25.00Fundamentals: The S&P and...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 11th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4430, up 4.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,040.50, down 80.75Fundamentals: Is inflation transitory?...

Midday Market Minute – August 10th 2021

Systematic rotations and yields rising ahead of tomorrow's CPI and auction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wXe_9OUnwk You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 10th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4425.75, down 3.75 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,125.25, up 29.75...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 9th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4429.50, up 8.00 on Friday and 40.00 on the weekNQ,...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 6th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4421.50, up 26.75 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,167.75, up 94.25...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 5th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4394.75, down 20.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,073.50, up 27.25Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks have...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 4th, 2021

- Rising Covid worries, and increased restrictions across state and local governments - Factory Orders at 9:00 am CT- Fed Governor...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 3rd, 2021

- Rising Covid worries, and increased restrictions across state and local governments - Factory Orders at 9:00 am CT- Fed Governor...

Blue Line – Morning Express August 2nd, 2021

- Senate infrastructure bill worth $1 trillion and gathering bipartisan support could be voted on as early as this week. -...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 30th, 2021

- Amazon -7% premarket after missing revenue first time in three years- Amazon’s miss set a tone of weakness overnight-...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 29th, 2021

What to Know Heading Into the FOMC - Federal Reserve left rates and policy unchanged.- Fed takeaways: * Unanimously voiced the...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 28th, 2021

What to Know Heading Into the FOMC E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4394.50, down 19.75NQ, yesterday’s...

Midday Market Minute – July 27th 2021

Healthy selling hits the tape. What to know ahead of Mega-Cap earnings and tomorrow's Fed decision  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfwgvBRmdkE You can sign...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 27th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4414.25, down 11.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 15,117.75, up 19.75Fundamentals: The S&P, NQ, and Dow each...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 26th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4403, up 43.50 on Friday and 84.50 on the...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 23rd, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4359.50, up 9.00 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,928.50, up 100.75...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 22nd, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4350.50, up 35.00 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,827.75, up 105...

Midday Market Minute – July 21st 2021

Energy Markets Roaring Back, Treasury Yields Rising https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b04WeHFfy9k You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures daily videos by...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 21st, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4315.50, up 64.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,722.75, up 182Fundamentals: Yesterday, U.S. benchmarks...

Midday Market Minute – July 20th 2021

A big rebound day in equities. Keep an eye on the Dollar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fruAmcihVsU You can sign up to receive Blue...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 20th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4251.25, down 67.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,540.75, down 129.75...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 14th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4361.25, down 15.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,865, down 4.25...

Midday Market Minute – July 13th 2021

Hot CPI brings the Fed's path to tapering in the limelight. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsQ8jHDe8LY You can sign up to receive Blue Line...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 13th, 2021

Inflation is front and center, June CPI data across the board was hotter than expected. Core CPI MoM was +0.9%...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 12th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4360, up 47.00 on Friday and 17.25 on the...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 9th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4313, down 36.75NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,712, down 90.00Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks have...

Midday Market Minute – July 8th 2021

Crude leads the rebound for risk assets, here are the levels that matter. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6VFuu5wYfs You can sign up to receive...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 8th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (September) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4349.75, up 1.75 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,802.25, up 26.75...

Midday Market Minute – July 6th 2021

Big reversals across equities and commodities. The S&P is battling at gap support, a hold should set a positive tone. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFHmGqCWXOE...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 6th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4342.75, up 32.00 on Friday and 71.50 on the weekNQ,...

Blue Line – Morning Express July 2nd, 2021

It is Jobs Friday and Nonfarm Payrolls are due at 7:30 am CT. Analysts are looking for about 700,000 jobs...

Midday Market Minute – July 1st 2021

A big counterintuitive play for Nonfarm Payroll https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI7gq5LS9kg You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures daily videos by...

Midday Market Minute – June 30th 2021

Bonds, Stocks, Dollar, Metals - all higher today. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulrlW9OXNMg You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures daily videos...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 30th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4282, up 1.50NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,563, up 50.50Fundamentals: The S&P and...

Midday Market Minute – June 29th 2021

A roadmap for the S&P at record highs, OPEC, and metals whipsaw. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPI4f-57Krg You can sign up to receive Blue...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 29th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4280.50, up 9.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,512.50, up 173.50Fundamentals: The Delta Variant...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 28th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4271.25, up 15.25 on Friday and 117.75 on the weekNQ,...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 25th, 2021

Market volatility has broadly been on the decline since Monday. Upon last Wednesday’s Federal Reserve policy meeting, each asset class...

Traders Summit Interview: Bill Baruch – “Is Bitcoin taking over Gold’s role in the market?”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNjHpvEWgOQ Blake Morrow of Tradersummit.net talks with the CEO of Blue Line Futures, Bill Baruch, about how #bitcoin and #gold...

Midday Market Minute – June 24th 2021

Bill Baruch breaks down the macro market action midday as stocks are climbing to new record-highs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l8P1v8v2Qk You can sign...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 24th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4231.50, down 4.75 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,263, up 4.75...

Midday Market Minute – June 23rd 2021

Stocks digest gains, Dollar is rebounding on Fed's Bostic, now Fed's Rosengren on deck. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31RL7Sl5EGY You can sign up to...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 23rd, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4236.25, up 22.50NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,258.25, up 128.25Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks have...

Midday Market Minute – June 22nd 2021

Stocks are breaking out and the Dollar weakens, here is what you need to know. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YArafp1SYxc You can sign up...

Midday Market Minute – June 21st 2021

The Dollar is losing ground to start the week and boosting assets. Fed speak in focus.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4i-c3rc0L8 You can sign...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 21st, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4153.50, down 58.75 on Friday and 83.00 on the weekNQ,...

Traders Summit Interview: Bill Baruch

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Afyq603oUn0 "It's a Bloodbath in Commodities" - Bill Baruch Bill Baruch from Blue Line Futures doesn't hold back when discussing...

Midday Market Minute – June 17th 2021

Many divergences are taking place post-FOMC. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJDfOmLnipc You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures daily videos by email...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 17th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4213, down 23.50NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,972.75, down 49Fundamentals: A very minor...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 16th, 2021

E-mini S&P (September) / NQ (Sept) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4236.50, down 9.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 14,021.75, down 95.50...

Midday Market Minute – June 15th 2021

Managers and traders jockey for positioning ahead of tomorrow's Fed meeting, but the trading levels matter. Let's take a look.  ...

Midday Market Minute – June 14th 2021

Monday is mixed as the FOMC Meeting comes into focus. This is what you need to know.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiCA10_qRvQ You can...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 14th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4245.75, up 7.75 on Friday and 17.50 on the weekNQ,...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 11th, 2021

Yesterday’s inflation data was everything we anticipated. Not because we called for a hot read, but because the bond market...

Midday Market Minute – June 10th 2021

Core CPI handily topped expectations, hot by some consideration, but Treasury yields finished lower. Let's take a look.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYw1bY7EYTQ You can...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 10th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4218.50, down 7.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,814, up 2.75...

Midday Market Minute – June 9th 2021

Bill Baruch covers today's market movement and some of the tradable levels. Also, what does tomorrow's CPI number mean? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgCuD9sRick...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 9th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4225.75, up 0.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,811.50, up 7.25...

Midday Market Minute – June 8th 2021

Breaking down today's action across markets as Thursday's inflation data nears.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoK0fJLJtQk You can sign up to receive Blue Line...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 8th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4225.50, down 2.75 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,804.25, up 37.50...

Midday Market Minute – June 7th 2021

Markets are digesting Friday's enthusiasm, some better than others. In a pivotal week, let's look at how things are setting...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 7th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4228.25, up 37.00 on Friday and 25.75 on the...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 4th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4191.25, down 15.00 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,529.25, down 144.50...

Midday Market Minute – “Ahead of NFP”

Risk-off, Dollar rally ahead of jobs. Let's take a look. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA3biKSG04U You can sign up to receive Blue Line Futures...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 3rd, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4206.25, up 7.75NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,673.75, up 25.00Fundamentals: After struggling at...

Midday Market Minute – “Stocks, Gold and Crude Oil”

An inside session is developing for stock indices and metals while Crude Oil makes a run at yesterday's high.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFi4fsQFlfQ You...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 2nd, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4198.50, down 4.00 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,648.75, down 37.75...

Midday Market Minute – “Lack of Follow Through”

The S&P, NQ, Crude, Gold, and other commodities all came in from early session highs. This is what we are...

Blue Line – Morning Express June 1st, 2021

E-mini (June) / NQ (June)S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4202.50, up 3.50 on Friday and 50.75 on the weekNQ, last...

Midday Market Minute – “Supports Holding Across Assets”

The S&P, NQ, and Crude are all laying bull flag groundwork. Copper surges, while Gold and Silver battle; what is...

Midday Market Minute – “Mixed Bag”

The S&P is holding support into the final hour, the Russell has gained our interest, and Gold has so far...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 26th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4185.50, down 8.25NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,656.25, up 21.00Fundamentals: U.S. benchmarks settled...

Midday Market Minute – “Gold Breaking Out and Stocks Digest”

Gold is breaking out from a wedge pattern and is looking to turn positive on the year. At the same...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 25th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4193.75, up 42.00NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,635.25, up 230.25Fundamentals: Monday was strong,...

Midday Market Minute – “Did Monday Set the Week’s Tone?”

The S&P broke out above rare major four-star resistance and Crude Oil is ripping, here is what you need to know...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 24th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, last week’s close: Settled at 4151.75, down 2.50 on Friday and 17.25 on the...

Midday Market Minute – “PMIs and China”

Hot PMI and China's crackdown on Crypto have forced some reversals. Let's take a look at how these catalysts are...

Midday Market Minute – “It Is Rally Time”

Here are the levels to know for the S&P, NQ, and commodities to finish out the week. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCzaCe7Bxjs You can...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 20th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4111.50, down 11.50NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,233.50, up 21.50Fundamentals: Despite a highly...

Midday Market Minute – “Digesting the Fed’s Messaging”

The Fed might discuss a taper at their next meeting. How have markets reacted and what are the levels to...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 18th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4157.75, down 11.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,303.50, down 83.50...

Midday Market Minute – “Monday is the New Tuesday and Gold Breaks Out”

Stocks digest Friday's gains and Gold breaks above a resistance trend line from its record high. What levels do you trade?...

Midday Market Minute – “The Bulls are Back”

With the bulls in the driver's seat, what are the levels to know overhead in the S&P and NQ. Also,...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 14th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4107, up 48.25 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,100.25, up 101.75...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 13th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June)S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4058.75, down 87.50NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 12,998.50, down 347.50Fundamentals: Yesterday’s CPI was...

Midday Market Minute – “Making Sense of CPI”

What does today's hot inflation read mean for markets and Fed policy? Stocks and most commodities are lower due to...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 12th, 2021

On Friday, we said do not trust the tape until Monday proves it. Opportunities have emerged at big levels of support...

Midday Market Minute – “Patience Paid Off”

On Friday, we said do not trust the tape until Monday proves it. Opportunities have emerged at big levels of support...

Blue Line – Morning Express May 11th, 2021

E-mini S&P (June) / NQ (June) S&P, yesterday’s close: Settled at 4183.50, down 41.75 NQ, yesterday’s close: Settled at 13,356.75, down 353...

Let’s Applaud the Fed

Today's Nonfarm Payroll report shows the economy is struggling to create jobs. How does this impact stocks, the Dollar, Treasuries,...